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明末清初以来,以耶稣会为主的西方传教士来华为契机,形成了具有深远影响的基督教在华传教和中西文化交流的浪潮。此次交流不仅是中国历史、同时也是世界历史上的重大事件,其不同于以往之处在于科学成为联结中西两个世界最为重要的介质。而宫廷一直是这场旷日持久的文化交流的中心所在,故宫博物院所藏的清宫西洋科学仪器,深刻反映出中西科学交流活动亦是清代宫廷生活和文化的重要组成部分。本文拟对清宫的西洋科学仪器以及各种与西洋科学有关的器具收藏情况作一比较全面的介绍,通过档案、实物等材料探讨这些收藏的形成历程,及其与清代宫廷科技演变的内在关系。
Since the late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty, Western missionaries mainly led by the Jesuits have taken the opportunity to come to China and have formed a far-reaching influence of Christianity’s mission to China and the exchange of Chinese and Western cultures. This exchange is not only the history of China, but also a major event in world history. Its difference from the past is that science has become the most important medium linking the two worlds. The palace has always been the center of this protracted cultural exchange. The Qing Western science instruments in the Palace Museum profoundly reflect that the exchange of science between China and the West is also an important part of the court life and culture in the Qing Dynasty. This article intends to make a comparatively comprehensive introduction to the Western science instruments of Qing dynasty and the collection of various science related instruments to the Western sciences, and discusses the formation process of these collections through the archives, material objects and other materials and its internal relations with the evolution of court technology in the Qing Dynasty .