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目的了解上海某城区婴幼儿呼吸系统症状与疾病的发生情况,为促进婴幼儿呼吸系统健康的策略制订提供理论依据。方法以分层整群抽样的方法,选取6家社区卫生服务中心儿保门诊半年内前来检查的1 266名0~3岁婴幼儿,应用《婴幼儿呼吸系统健康状况与家庭环境调查问卷》(参考国际标准化问卷(ATS-DLD-78-C)修订)对其呼吸系统症状与疾病的发生情况进行调查。结果持续咳嗽、持续咳痰、喘息、哮喘、支气管炎的报告率分别为2.2%、1.3%、19.1%、8.2%、17.6%。喘息的报告率为男童高于女童(P<0.01);持续咳嗽、哮喘、支气管炎的报告率为高年龄组高于低年龄组(P<0.01);哮喘、支气管炎的报告率为居住在内环以内高于居住在内环以外(P<0.01)。结论婴幼儿呼吸系统症状与疾病的报告率存在一定的性别、年龄和居住区域差异。
Objective To understand the occurrence of respiratory symptoms and diseases in infants and young children in a city in Shanghai and to provide theoretical basis for the formulation of strategies for promoting respiratory system health in infants and young children. Methods A total of 1,266 infants and young children aged 0 ~ 3 who had been inspected by CHP clinics in 6 community health service centers within 6 months were selected by stratified cluster sampling method. The “Questionnaire on the Health and Family Environment of Infants and Toddlers’ Respiratory System” (Refer to ATS-DLD-78-C) A survey was conducted on the occurrence of respiratory symptoms and diseases. Results The reported rates of persistent cough, persistent sputum, wheezing, asthma and bronchitis were 2.2%, 1.3%, 19.1%, 8.2% and 17.6% respectively. The prevalence of wheezing was higher in boys than girls (P <0.01); the prevalence of persistent cough, asthma and bronchitis was higher in younger age group than in younger age group (P <0.01); the reported rate of asthma and bronchitis was longer Within the inner ring than living outside the inner ring (P <0.01). Conclusion There is a certain gender, age and residential area difference in the reporting rate of respiratory symptoms and diseases in infants and young children.