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关于儒家知识分子的题目,可谓是仁者见仁,智者见智。有的学者从历史和比较文化的层面,全面地考察了儒家知识分子,并得出了基本的结论:在苦心孤诣地重新找回“道”,传播文化、调适政治方面,儒家知识分子(他或现在日见重要的她)体现出知识分子的精神。他们要求道德的正当纯洁应优先于政治上有关自身利害的权宜之计,社会责任感应隐身于沉默的思想之下,历史意识和文化意义在学术研究中应完全连贯为一体。但遗憾的是这些学者却忽略了成就儒家知识分子投入政治、关心社会,儒家传统的核心价值与其多元化表现形式之间的巨大断裂和严重的紧张状况。所有的这些特点,很大程度上取决于承负他们价值和表现形式的载体的实现,而这个载体就是思想。本文打算从他们的思想层面出发,截取两汉这一特定的历史时段去考察儒士,并挖掘出真正属于他们那个群体的一些特点。
On the topic of Confucian intellectuals, it can be said benevolence see the benevolent, the wise see the wisdom. Some scholars have conducted a comprehensive study of Confucian intellectuals from the perspective of history and comparative culture and reached the basic conclusion that the Confucian intellectuals (either his or her own or his relatives) She is now an important person) reflects the spirit of the intellectuals. They demanded that moral justification should take precedence over political expediency, that social responsibility should be hidden under silent thoughts, and that historical awareness and cultural significance should be completely coherent in academic research. Unfortunately, however, these scholars have overlooked the tremendous disruption and serious tensions between the achievements of Confucian intellectuals in their politics, their concern for society, the core values of Confucian traditions and their pluralistic manifestations. All of these features depend largely on the realization of a carrier that bears the value and form of manifestation, and this carrier is thought. This article intends to start from their thinking level, intercept the Han dynasty this particular historical period to study Confucianism, and dig out some of the characteristics that really belong to their group.