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基于气象台站、再分析资料分析以及过去研究成果的综合,系统总结了过去50年青藏高原水文环境变化趋势及其区域差异性。显著、同步的地表升温是青藏高原水分循环最为显著驱动特征。日照、风速的下降形成大气驱动因子的减弱,表现为蒸发力下降。大气水汽含量与其他因子造成降水量微弱增加,但区域差异明显。随着地表气温上升,最大积雪水当量减少、冻土活动层厚度增加。尽管蒸发力下降,地表土壤湿度的增加依然导致蒸散发微弱增加。
Based on the analysis of meteorological stations, reanalysis data and past research results, the trend of hydrological environment over the past 50 years in Tibetan Plateau and its regional differences are systematically summarized. Significant and synchronous surface warming is the most significant driving feature of the water cycle over the Tibetan Plateau. Sunshine, the decline in wind speed formation of the driving force of the atmosphere weakened, the performance of evaporation decreased. Atmospheric water vapor content and other factors caused a slight increase in precipitation, but significant regional differences. As the surface temperature increases, the maximum snow water equivalent decreases, and the active layer thickness increases. Despite the decrease in evapotranspiration, the increase in surface soil moisture still leads to a slight increase in evapotranspiration.