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永冻区低水头水利工程建设以及维护其稳定性至今仍然是一个大的挑战,一个正确的设计和维护方案可以极大地造福人类。在梳理大坝类型、各种案例以及大坝各部分受损原因的前提下,对小型低水头工程的施工和性能进行分析。指出:(1)要成功地设计和修筑适合永久冻土区的小型低水头工程,需要对工程现场进行充分的调查。(2)在永冻土层上可以修筑冻结型、制冷型和解冻型堤坝,具体实施取决于堤坝的用途、环境条件及冻土条件。(3)实践表明,近年来的溃坝事故多由结构错误所致,因此需要特别注意水利工程的结构安排。(4)在设计低水头工程时,应特别注意一点,即土壤和结构性部件的工程特性在水利设施运转期间会发生变化。(5)针对运转结构的监测不应该局限于一系列标准化观测,且必须符合科学要求。
The construction of the low-head water conservancy project in Yong-chong district and the maintenance of its stability are still a big challenge to date. A proper design and maintenance program can greatly benefit mankind. On the premise of combing the types of dams, various cases and the causes of dam damage, the construction and performance of small low-head projects are analyzed. States: (1) Successful design and construction of small, low-head projects suitable for permafrost areas require extensive investigation of the site. (2) Frozen, refrigerated and thawed dams can be built on permafrost, depending on the use of dams, environmental conditions and permafrost conditions. (3) Practice shows that in recent years, many dam-break accidents are caused by structural errors, so special attention needs to be paid to the structural arrangement of water conservancy projects. (4) In the design of low-head works, special care should be taken that the engineering characteristics of soil and structural components will change during operation of the water conservancy facilities. (5) Monitoring of working structures should not be limited to a series of standardized observations and must comply with scientific requirements.