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为探究驾驶作业疲劳对高铁司机持续性注意的损伤机制,基于动车模拟器平台,进行主任务为动车驾驶,次任务为随机信号检测的连续4 h动车模拟驾驶试验。全程采集20名高铁司机的驾驶行为数据和脑电信号数据。根据试验数据,对高、低持续性注意水平下司机的行为绩效、事件相关脑电位(ERP)成分进行差异性对比分析。结果表明,与第1阶段相比,第2阶段司机的行为绩效显著下降(对随机信号的反应时增加,有效检测率下降)。此外,ERP的P2成分波幅显著减小,N2b成分波幅显著增大、潜伏期显著延长,P3成分波幅显著减小、潜伏期显著延长。该结果表明,长时间连续作业将造成高铁司机的持续性注意水平下降,引起该水平降低的主要因素是疲劳造成高铁司机对突发事件的分类、评估,资源的调制、分配和认知控制等高级认知能力的损伤。
In order to explore the mechanism of continuous attention damage caused by driving fatigue to drivers of high-speed trains, a 4-hour continuous driving simulation test of random signals was conducted based on the EM simulator platform. The full acquisition of 20 drivers of high-speed rail driving behavior data and EEG signal data. Based on the experimental data, the performance performance and event-related brain potential (ERP) components of drivers were compared and analyzed under high and low sustained attention level. The results show that, compared with the first stage, the second stage driver’s behavior performance significantly decreased (response to random signals increased, the effective detection rate decreased). In addition, the amplitude of P2 component of ERP decreased significantly, the amplitude of N2b component increased significantly, the latency was significantly prolonged, the amplitude of P3 component was significantly reduced and latency was significantly prolonged. The results show that continuous operation for a long time will lead to a continuous decrease in the level of attention paid by high-speed rail drivers. The main factors that cause this level of decrease are fatigue caused by high-speed rail drivers to classify and assess emergencies, modulate and allocate resources, and cognitive control Advanced cognitive impairment.