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激光直接制造技术 (LDM)是基于快速成形和激光熔覆技术而发展起来的直接快速柔性制造先进技术 ,尤其适用于传统方法难以制造的特种材料或特殊形状金属零件。基于太空望远镜准直器特定的形状和材料要求 ,运用层叠激光熔覆直接制造方法 ,研究了W和W/Ni合金的多道熔覆特性、微观组织和激光直接制造过程的稳定性。研究表明 ,W和W90Ni10多层激光熔覆时后续熔覆层的宽度会越来越窄 ,最终形成三角形截面 ;而W6 0Ni4 0和W4 5Ni5 5合金具有良好的成形效果。采用激光功率 2 0 0 0W ,光束直径 3mm ,扫描速度 0 3m/min ,送粉速度 8g/min的优化工艺参数 ,直接制造出高度为 30 7mm ,直径为 191mm ,壁厚为 3mm ,平行度不低于 2 / 10 0 0的圆柱状W6 0Ni4 0准直器 ,未出现裂纹和明显的气孔。结果表明激光直接制造技术可以制造出高质量的传统方法难以制造的特殊材料和形状的金属零件。
Laser Direct Manufacturing (LDM) is an advanced direct flex technology developed based on rapid prototyping and laser cladding technology, especially for specialty materials or special shaped metal parts that are difficult to manufacture with traditional methods. Based on the special shape and material requirements of the space telescope collimator, the multi-pass cladding properties of W and W / Ni alloys, the microstructure and the stability of the laser direct manufacturing process were studied by using the direct laser cladding manufacturing method. The results show that the width of the subsequent cladding layer will be narrower and narrower when the W and W90Ni10 multi-layer laser cladding, finally forming the triangular section; and W6Ni4O and W4Ni5 5 alloy have good forming effect. The optimum process parameters of laser power 2000W, beam diameter 3mm, scanning speed 0 3m / min and powder feeding speed 8g / min were used to directly fabricate an optical fiber with a height of 30 7mm, a diameter of 191mm and a wall thickness of 3mm Below 2/1000 cylindrical cylindrical W6 0Ni4 0 collimator, no cracks and no obvious pores. The results show that direct laser manufacturing technology can produce high-quality traditional materials that are difficult to manufacture with special materials and shapes of metal parts.