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战后,经济实力和综合发展水平的国际比较日益受到重视。在国民收入比较研究领域,美国宾西法尼亚大学教授阿兰·赫斯顿(Alan W.Hesten)、罗伯特·萨默斯(RobertSummers)与已故著名经济学家欧文·克拉维斯(Irving B.Kravis,1916-1992)一起作出了开创性的贡献。赫斯顿与萨默斯由于“在更广范围内发展了实际产出比较方法并测算了购买力平价”被推举为1998年度美国经济学联合会杰出资深会员。赫斯顿与萨默斯的学术生涯与统计工作实践紧紧结合在一起。本文围绕国际比较项目方法的形成与发展,对其学术思想进行评述。
After the war, the international comparison of economic strength and level of comprehensive development has drawn increasing attention. In the comparative study of national income, Alan W. Hesten, a professor at the University of Pennsylvania, Robert Summers, and the late Irving Baker economist Irving B. Kravis, 1916-1992). Heston and Summers were nominated for 1998 as a distinguished fellow of the Federation of American Economists for “developing a wider comparison of real output and measuring purchasing power parities.” Heston and Summers’s academic career and statistical work closely integrated practice. This article focuses on the formation and development of the international comparative project methodology and reviews its academic thoughts.