论文部分内容阅读
十八世纪的苏格兰乃至整个英国,商业文明日渐兴起。日益细化的社会分工几乎使每个人都扮演着不可或缺的社会角色,在这样的情况下,传统的精英式美德观已经不合时宜,如何在道德哲学上把“粗俗的大多数”(therudevulgarofmankind)①纳入到商业社会中,成为时代的主题之一。苏格兰启蒙思想家亚当.斯密的《道德情操论》从人性出发,即从人的“同情”(sympathy)①出发,通过“自我控制”(self-command)①,为“粗俗的大多数”找到了人人都可以达到的美德——行为的“合宜”(propriety)①,一种包括“审慎”(prudence)①和“正义”(justice)①的消极美德,从而为他们在新兴的商业社会里,自由而坦然地追求自身景况的改善提供了道德基础和行为规范。
The eighteenth century, Scotland and even the entire United Kingdom, commercial civilization is on the rise. In the circumstances, the increasingly refined social division of labor almost makes everybody play an indispensable social role. Under such circumstances, the traditional concept of elitism in the elite has become outdated. How to put the “rudevulgar of mankind” in moral philosophy, ① into the business community, one of the themes of the times. Scottish Enlightenment thinkers Adam Smith’s Theory of Moral Sentiments set out from the point of view of human nature, starting from one’s “sympathy” ① and finding “vulgar majority” through “self-command” The virtues that can be achieved for all - the “propriety” of conduct, a negative virtue that includes “prudence” and “justice,” so that they can be used in the emerging business community The free and candid pursuit of improvement of one’s own situation provides the moral basis and code of conduct.