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一自20世纪70年代以来,生态批评作为一种新的批评浪潮,受到更多学者的关注。彻丽尔·格罗特费尔蒂曾将生态批评定义为“探讨文学与自然环境之关系的批评以自然与文化,特别是自然与语言文学作品的相互联系作为它的主题”[1]。“生态女性主义”这一术语是1974年由法国女性主义者弗朗索瓦·德奥博纳首次提出,是生态批评和女性主义批评相结合的产物,主要探讨女性问题和生态问题及其内在关联。作为生态批评的一个分支,这一批评理论思考着当代环境问题和女性问题,并寻找着自然生态与文化、心理、生理生态平衡的解决方案。
Since the 1970s, as a new wave of criticism, ecocriticism has drawn more and more scholars’ attention. Cheryl Grottefelti once defined ecocriticism as “the criticism of the relationship between literature and the natural environment as the theme of the interrelationship of nature and culture, especially of nature and linguistic literature” [1 ]. The term “ecofeminism” was first proposed by the French feminist François de Aubona in 1974. It is the product of the combination of ecocriticism and feminist criticism. It focuses on the issues of women and ecology and their Inner connection. As a branch of ecocriticism, this critical theory ponders contemporary environmental issues and feminine issues and seeks solutions to the balance between natural ecology and culture, psychology and physiology.