一、关于兴趣的培养和激发 石嘴山市教育局教研室 李长青: 培养和激发学生的学习兴趣手段多种多样:讲课要有新鲜感、教法要灵活多样、运用直观演示、开拓想象、展开意境、形成悬念等等。此外,还要注意以“需要”激趣。兴趣产生于认识和需要,向学生提出实践中需要解决的问题,以激发学生学语文的兴趣。教学实践证明,让学生自己用已经获得的知识去学习新知识,也是激发兴趣的有效方法。在教学中,教师运用“迁移”规律引导学生自学,独立完成学习任务,一定会经历愉快的情绪体验。“比较”也可以激趣。比较作为一种思维过程,可以使学生认识事物的本质,防止知识泛化和混淆,而且可以使学生思维活跃、求知心切,激发兴趣。“竞赛”也是激趣的一种有效方法。然而不能过于 I. Fostering and Inspiring Interests Li Changqing, Teaching and Research Office, Education Bureau, Shizuishan City: Training and stimulating students’ interest in learning are varied. There should be a fresh sense of lectures, flexible and diverse teaching methods, use of intuitive presentations, exploration of imagination, expansion of artistic conception, and formation. Suspense and so on. In addition, we must also pay attention to “need”. Interest arises from understanding and needs, and asks students questions that need to be solved in practice in order to stimulate students’ interest in learning Chinese. Teaching practice proves that allowing students to use their acquired knowledge to learn new knowledge is also an effective way to stimulate interest. In teaching, teachers use the “migration” law to guide students to self-study and complete their learning tasks independently. They will surely experience pleasant emotional experiences. “Comparing” can also be interesting. As a thinking process, comparison can enable students to understand the nature of things, prevent the generalization and confusion of knowledge, and can make students active in thinking, eager to seek knowledge, and stimulate interest. “Contest” is also an effective method for exciting interests. However, it cannot be too