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本文利用1995~2010年间占中国进口贸易份额较大的13个发达国家和13个发展中国家的R&D数据和行业贸易数据,并用DEA法分析了中国进口贸易带来的各行业全要素生产率的变化。文章在得到发达国家R&D资本通过进口贸易促进了我国行业全要素生产率增长和技术进步这一基本结论的基础上发现,发展中国家对我国全要素生产率增长和技术进步有正向技术溢出效应,但发达国家和发展中国家对我国行业技术效率都有负向溢出效应,且中国在与发展中国家贸易时,高R&D强度行业的溢出效应明显高于低R&D强度行业。这说明,我国应该在继续扩大与发达国家和发展中国家贸易的同时,更要重视自己国家内部对进口产品所附带高新技术的消化吸收及二次创新,重视自身R&D投入水平的提高,优化资金投入结构和使用效率,促使技术效率提高。
This article uses the R & D data and trade data of 13 developed countries and 13 developing countries that account for a large share of China’s imports from 1995 to 2010 and analyzes the changes of total factor productivity of various industries brought by China’s import trade with DEA . Based on the basic conclusion that the R & D capital of developed countries promoted the growth of total factor productivity and technological progress of our country through import trade, we find that developing countries have a positive effect of technological spillover on the growth of total factor productivity and technological progress in our country. However, Both developed and developing countries have a negative spillover effect on the technical efficiency of China’s industries. And when China trades with developing countries, the spillover effect of industries with high R & D intensity is obviously higher than that of industries with low R & D intensity. This shows that while continuing to expand trade with developed and developing countries, our country should pay more attention to the digestion and absorption of secondary and advanced technologies attached to imported products in its own country, attach importance to raising the level of R & D investment and optimize funds Put into the structure and use efficiency, promote technical efficiency.