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目的调查耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（ＭＲＳＡ）在重症监护病房（ＩＣＵ）的流行情况。方法将临床分离２８株ＭＲＳＡ包埋于琼脂块中，原位溶解细菌，ＳｍａⅠ消化染色体ＤＮＡ，经脉冲场凝胶电泳（ＰＦＧＥ）分离，比较染色体限制性内切酶图谱，确定菌株的亲缘关系。结果２８株ＭＲＳＡ的ＰＦＧＥ图谱有Ｋ、Ｍ、Ｌ、Ｎ４型，以Ｋ型为主（１８株）。ＩＣＵ本次流行期间的ＭＲＳＡ分离株均为Ｋ１亚型（１４株），与前次流行株Ａ１亚型完全不同。采集２０位ＩＣＵ医护人员鼻拭子，分离到２株ＭＲＳＡ，阳性率１０％，其ＰＦＧＥ图谱与流行株一致。结论ＭＲＳＡ在ＩＣＵ流行情况十分严重，及时采取有效措施控制这种流行及播散是至关重要的
Objective To investigate the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in intensive care unit (ICU). Methods 28 strains of MRSA were isolated from agar blocks and dissolved in situ. The chromosomal DNA was digested with SmaI and separated by PFGE. The phylogenetic relationships of the strains were compared by restriction endonuclease mapping. Results The PFGE patterns of 28 strains of MRSA were K, M, L and N4 types, with K type predominance (18 strains). The MRSA isolates of the ICU during this epidemic were all K1 subtypes (14 strains), completely different from the subtype A1 of the previous epidemic strain. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from 20 ICU medical staff and 2 strains of MRSA were isolated. The positive rate was 10%. The PFGE pattern was consistent with that of epidemic strains. Conclusions The prevalence of MRSA in the ICU is very serious. It is of crucial importance to take prompt and effective measures to control this epidemic and dissemination