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高寒半干旱区土壤缺氮贫磷，增施氮磷肥能显著提高莜麦产量，且氮磷间具有明显的正交互效应，氮磷配合施用有机肥是提高作物产量的有效措施。单施无机肥时Ｎ，Ｐ_２Ｏ_５经济施用量分别为７９．２６～８６．８０ｋｇ·ｈｍ~－２和５８．８７～６５．０９ｋｇ·ｈｍ~－２，施有机肥２２５００ｋｇ·ｈｍ~－２时则分别为５４．１８～５８．５０ｋｇ·ｈｍ~－２和２７．１４～２９．ｌｌｋｇ·ｈｍ~－２。低量有机肥２２５００ｋｇ·ｈｍ~－２与氮磷配施使莜麦水分利用效率与降水利用效率分别较未施肥提高３．５０～５．０８ｋｇ·ｍｍ~－１·ｈｍ~－２和４．４１～６．８８ｋｇ·ｍｍ~－１·ｈｍ~－２；高量有机肥４５０００ｋｇ·ｈｍ~－２与氮磷配施则分别增大４．５４～６．６６ｋｇ·ｍｍ~－１·ｈｍ~－２和６．０１～８．２３ｋｇ·ｍｍ~－１·ｈｍ~－２。氮磷与有机肥配施是提高作物水分利用效率与充分挖掘降水生产潜力的有效途径。
In the semi-arid semiarid area, the soil is deficient in nitrogen and phosphorus, nitrogen and phosphorus can significantly increase the yield of oat, and the interaction between nitrogen and phosphorus has a significant positive interaction. The application of nitrogen and phosphorus combined with organic fertilizer is an effective measure to increase crop yield. The economic application rates of N and P_2O_5 were 79.26 ~ 86.80kg · hm -2 and 58.87 ~ 65.09kg · hm -2 respectively when applying inorganic fertilizer and 22500kg · hm -2 when applying organic fertilizer Respectively 54.18 ~ 58.50kg · hm ~ -2 and 27.14 ~ 29. llkg · hm ~ -2. Compared with no fertilization, water use efficiency and precipitation efficiency increased by 3.50 ~ 5.08kg · mm ~ -1 · hm -2 and 4, respectively. 41 ~ 6.88kg · mm ~ -1 · hm ~ (-2). When applying 45000kg · hm -2 of high-yield organic manure and applying nitrogen and phosphorus, the increase of 4.54 ~ 6.66kg · mm ~ -1 · hm ~ -2 and 6.01 ~ 8.23 kg · mm ~ -1 · hm ~ -2. The combination of N and P with organic manure is an effective way to improve crop water use efficiency and fully tap the potential of precipitation production.