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苏联自1957年10月发射世界第一颗人造卫星后,主要研制了五种类型的运载火箭。这些火箭都是由基本型第一、二级加上各种上面级组成的。其中,有四种直接从军用导弹演变而来,它们是SS-6(警棍)、SS-4(凉鞋)、SS-5(短剑)和SS-9(悬崖)导弹。另一种虽然也有可能演变自“巨型”洲际导弹(质子号),但这种导弹从未见作过军事应用。二十五年来,苏联利用这些运载火箭发射了大量航天器,其发射数量已大大超过美国,居世界首位。
After the Soviet Union launched the world’s first satellite in October 1957, it has developed mainly five types of launch vehicles. These rocket are from the basic type of first, two plus a variety of top level composition. Of these, four have evolved directly from military missiles. They are SS-6 (baton), SS-4 (sandals), SS-5 (dagger) and SS-9 (cliff) missiles. The other, although possibly evolved from the “giant” ICBM (proton), has never been seen for military use. Over the past 25 years, the Soviet Union has used these launch vehicles to launch a large number of spacecraft. The number of its launches has greatly exceeded that of the United States, ranking the first in the world.