实验设计在现代工业和农业的研究工作中己经广泛采用,但在医学研究中的应用还不够那么普遍。一种疗法或一种预防方法是否有效,过去常常是凭主观说话的。这种过时的作法得出的结论往往是错误的。有时,一个问题同时有许多单位研究,经年累月仍得不出一致的结论。在复杂的原因中,方法可能是一个主要问题。我们与医学先进国家之间的差距必须使之尽快缩外,科研方法就要力求改进。 科学研究必须采用现代科研方法来进行。科研方法少不了统计技术。医学科研也不例外。但不少医学工作者对于数学没有下过功夫或根本不(干心)兴趣。缺乏共同语言可能是一项主要原因。一般医学工作者对统计学虽乏深入钻研的时间,但如能正确地掌握一些粗浅的统计技术,也往往能邦助解决不少问题。 我是预防医学的普通一兵,在工作中常常用得着统计技术,但我对后者缺乏研究。我了解到,医务同辺们不习惯于听晦涩难(忄冬)的数学语言,因此,我自告奋勇作一个居间人,尽量用通俗的语言和医学上常可碰到的例子来阐述一些有关实验的统计方法,分为四讲在本刊分期刊出。这项任务对我说来是有很大困难的,所写的东西难免有些还是难读难佟,有的可能没有把辺迈理讲清楚。我竭诚希望得到统计学工作者和读者们提出批评和意见,以便改正错误。 关于参考资料,? Experimental design has been widely adopted in modern industrial and agricultural research work, but its application in medical research is still not as widespread. The effectiveness of a therapy or a preventive method used to be subjective. The conclusions drawn from this outdated practice are often wrong. Sometimes, a problem is studied by many units at the same time, and no consistent conclusion can be drawn over the years. Among complex reasons, the method may be a major problem. The gap between us and advanced countries in medicine must be reduced as quickly as possible, and scientific research methods must strive to improve. Scientific research must be conducted using modern scientific methods. Scientific research methods are ultimately statistical techniques. Medical research is no exception. However, many medical workers have not made any effort or have no interest in mathematics. The lack of a common language may be a major cause. Although general medical workers do not have the time to delve into statistics, if they can correctly grasp some superficial statistical techniques, they can often help solve many problems. I am an ordinary soldier in preventive medicine. I often use statistical techniques in my work, but I lack research on the latter. I learned that medical colleagues are not accustomed to listening to mathematic language that is difficult to understand. Therefore, I volunteered to be a mediator and tried to illustrate some experiments with popular language and medical examples. The statistical method is divided into four chapters in this journal. This task is very difficult for me to say. It is difficult to avoid writing something that is difficult to read, and some may not make it clear. I wholeheartedly hope that statisticians and readers will make criticisms and opinions in order to correct mistakes. About reference materials,?