这是一个令人兴奋的时代,也是一个大数据的时代,数据科学让我们越来越多地从数据中观察到人类社会的复杂行为模式。以数据为基础的技术决定着人类的未来,但并非数据本身改变了我们的世界,起决定作用的是我们自身可用知识的增加。今日世界,产品与服务的可替代性日益显著,因此,企业必须知道并深入了解客户的愿 This is an exciting era as well as an era of big data. Data science makes us increasingly observe the complex behavior patterns of human society from the data. Data-based technologies determine the future of humankind, but not the data itself has changed our world, and it is the decisive role that adds to our own available knowledge. In today’s world, the substitutability of products and services is increasingly significant, so companies must know and understand customers’