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静电喷头电极产生的高压静电场对雾滴荷电及沉积效果有重要影响,为此,根据航空静电喷雾的特点改进原有圆柱管状电极型式为圆锥管状电极。借助Ansoft Maxwell软件和试验测试方法对锥形管状电极的空间电场强度进行分析。建立了基于圆锥管状电极静电喷头的雾滴荷电效果测试系统,开展了模拟飞行条件下的充电电压对雾滴荷质比及沉积分布的影响效果试验研究。结果显示:电极空间电场模拟结果与测试计算结果基本符合,确定靠近锥形电极20~70 mm范围为最佳荷电区域。雾滴荷质比随着充电电压的增加有增加的趋势,与距离喷头的轴向位置关系不大,当电压达到10 kV时雾滴荷电饱和,并获得了最大荷质比2.13 mC/kg。相比0 kV条件,10 kV电压条件下的雾滴在中性靶标侧面、下面和背面的沉积量有明显提高,分别平均提高了18、19、18 cm-2;雾滴在正极靶标的沉积量明显多于负极和中性靶标,在正极靶标背面上的平均沉积量相比其正面和侧面增加的更多,达到86%。
The high voltage electrostatic field generated by the electrostatic nozzle electrode has an important influence on the charge and deposition effect of the droplet. To this end, the original cylindrical tubular electrode type is improved to be a conical tubular electrode according to the characteristics of the aviation electrostatic spray. The spatial electric field strength of the conical tubular electrode was analyzed with Ansoft Maxwell software and experimental test methods. The test system of the droplet charge effect based on the conical tubular electrode electrostatic nozzle is established and the effect of the charging voltage on the droplet charge-mass ratio and deposition distribution under the simulated flight condition is studied. The results show that the simulated results of the space electric field of the electrode are in good agreement with the test results, and the best charging area near the conical electrode in the range of 20-70 mm is determined. The droplet charge-to-mass ratio tends to increase with the increase of the charging voltage, and has little to do with the axial position of the nozzle. When the voltage reaches 10 kV, the droplet charge is saturated and the maximum charge-to-mass ratio is 2.13 mC / kg . Compared with 0 kV, the deposition of droplets on the side, bottom and back of the neutral target at 10 kV increased obviously with an average increase of 18, 19 and 18 cm-2 respectively. The deposition of droplets on the positive target The amount of deposition on the back of the positive electrode target was significantly higher than that of the negative and neutral targets, reaching 86% more than the front and side surfaces.