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针对无线传感器网络中无线链路不稳定与节点能耗不均衡等问题,提出一种基于能量均衡的地理路由协议。在路径构建阶段,为了避免传统地理路由中贪婪转发引起的某些节点过度使用,文章将簇作为数据传输的基本单元,并对节点设置能量阈值。在路由度量选择时,综合考虑簇内节点数目和簇中心到汇聚节点的距离,以便均衡簇间节点能量消耗。在数据传输阶段,利用协同通信与网络编码技术提高数据传输可靠性。最后,理论分析与数值实验同时表明:所提协议能够显著地提高数据包传输成功率,减少数据包重传次数。
Aiming at the problems of wireless link instability and node energy consumption unbalance in wireless sensor networks, a geo-routing protocol based on energy balance is proposed. In the stage of path construction, in order to avoid overuse of some nodes caused by greedy forwarding in traditional geographic routing, the paper regards cluster as the basic unit of data transmission and sets energy threshold to nodes. When routing metrics are selected, the number of nodes in the cluster and the distance from the cluster center to the sink node are taken into account in order to balance the energy consumption of the nodes in the cluster. In the data transmission phase, the use of collaborative communication and network coding technology to improve data transmission reliability. Finally, the theoretical analysis and numerical experiments show that the proposed protocol can significantly improve the success rate of packet transmission and reduce the number of packet retransmissions.