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1994年以来,作者用偏光显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜研究了东太平洋的深海锰结核,其中透射电子显微镜样品是采用离子减薄法制成的.这些锰结核按形态及其包壳的叠层石种类可分为表面光滑的和瘤状的两种类型.前者的包壳由微小叠层石组成,后者的包壳由奇异叠层石组成.文献[1]曾报道了锰结核中串珠状超微生物化石的首次发现,但是尚未进行分类和定名.此后,作者将另一种螺旋状超微生物化石定为太平洋螺球孢菌(新种),并认为螺球孢菌才是瘤状锰结核的包壳——奇异叠层石的真正建造者.本文是在上述基础上对深海锰结核中各种微生物按其与锰结核的关系进行分类,并对表面光滑的深海锰结核中的串珠状超微生物化石进行系统描述和定名.1 深海锰结核中微生物的分类深海锰结核可以看作为一种微生物建隆.在此建隆中发现的微生物化石种类很多,包括有孔虫、钙质超微化石、放射虫、硅藻、硅鞭毛藻、海绵骨针、蠕虫虫管、真菌以及新发现的纳米级超微生物等等.但是,上述各种微生物(除纳米级超微生物外)化石文献中报道较多,但并未涉及其在锰结核的建造中所起的不同作用.作者根据这些微生物与锰结核的关系将其分为以下4种类型:
The authors have studied deep sea manganese nodules in the Eastern Pacific Ocean using a polarizing microscope, a scanning electron microscope, and a transmission electron microscope since 1994. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) samples were made by ion-thinning, The types of strata can be divided into two types: smooth surface and nodular form.The former is composed of tiny strata, the latter is composed of strange stratigraphic strata [1] The first discovery of beaded superficial fossils, however, has not yet been classified and nomenclature, and the author later identified another spiral-shaped superficial fossil as Penicillium sp. (New species) and considered it to be nodular Manganese nodules - the real builders of the strange stratigraphy.This paper is based on the above-mentioned deep-sea manganese nodules in various microorganisms according to their relationship with manganese nodules classification, and the surface of the deep-sea manganese nodules Beaded superficial fossils were systematically described and named.1 Classification of microorganisms in deep-sea manganese nodules Deep-sea manganese nodules can be considered as a microbial build-up.The microbial fossil species found in this Jianlong Many, including foraminifera, calcareous fossils, radiolarians, diatoms, dinoflagellates, sponge spicules, worm worms, fungi, and newly discovered nanoscale microorganisms, etc. However, the various microorganisms described above In addition to nanoscale microorganisms, there are more reports in the fossil literature, but it does not relate to their different roles in the construction of manganese nodules.According to the relationship between these microorganisms and manganese nodules, the authors classify them into the following four types: