Effects of starting materials and four dispersants (STP, SHP, FDN and FS60) on Zeta potential and rheological behavior of alumina based ULC castables matrix were investigated. The results show that: characteristics of silica fume and alumina cements play a very important role in Zeta potential and viscosity of suspensions of the castables matrix; the dispersants STP and SHP can change Zeta potential values of the matrix suspensions remarkably; the four dispersants can effectively improve the rheological properties of matrix suspensions. For the point of lower viscosity of the matrix suspensions, the suitable additions of the three dispersants (SHP, FDN and FS60) are about 0.2% while that of STP is about 0.3%.