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通过研制的可移动平坡屋面实验房风压及台风风场现场实测系统,研究近地台风风场特性和低矮房屋表面风荷载分布规律。基于实验房获取到的10余次近地台风风速和风压实测数据,对近地台风风场湍流特征参数如湍流强度、阵风因子、湍流积分尺度及脉动风速功率谱等,按来流不同方位地貌状况进行分类研究;同时分析了斜向强风最不利工况下,屋面角部区域风压分布特征。分析结果表明:A、B、C类地貌条件下,台风顺风向湍流强度均值分别为0.13,0.21,0.32;阵风因子同湍流强度正相关,湍流积分尺度随湍流强度增加而减少;与季风相比,台风眼壁区域的顺风向脉动风速功率谱密度值略大于季风的实测值,而横风向脉动风速功率谱密度值显著大于季风的实测值;在低频和惯性子区范围,台风眼壁区域的顺风向脉动风速von Karman和Harris谱拟合值与实测值吻合较好;在斜向风作用下迎风屋檐角部边缘测点区域具有较高峰值负压和脉动风压,峰值负压系数达-13.5。
Through the research on the wind pressure and typhoon wind field measurement system of movable flat roof laboratory, the characteristics of near-surface typhoon wind field and wind load distribution on low surface are studied. Based on more than 10 near-surface typhoon wind speed and wind pressure data obtained from the laboratory building, the turbulence parameters such as turbulence intensity, gust factor, integral turbulence scale and pulsating wind speed power spectrum of the near-surface typhoon wind field are analyzed. The classification of the situation; at the same time analysis of the most adverse conditions oblique strong wind conditions, roof corner wind pressure distribution characteristics. The results show that mean windward turbulence intensities of typhoon are 0.13, 0.21 and 0.32 respectively under the conditions of A, B and C; the gust factor is positively correlated with turbulence intensity, and turbulence integral scale decreases with increasing turbulence intensity; , The power spectral densities of the downwind typhoon in the area of typhoon were slightly larger than those of the monsoon, while the power spectral density of the transverse wind was significantly larger than that of the monsoon. In the low frequency and inertial subzone, The windward von Karman and Harris spectral fitting values are in good agreement with the measured values. Under the action of oblique wind, the peaks and valleys at the edge of the windward eaves have higher peak negative pressure and fluctuating wind pressure, and the peak negative pressure coefficient reaches - 13.5.