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锂:通常用原子吸收光谱或发射火焰光度法定量锂的含量.锂在体内无代谢产物,显示一级消除常数,t1/2为14～33h.延长疗程不会明显改变其动力学性质.服药后3～7天,血浓度达稳态.若每8h给药,血锂浓度在稳态时仍有波动,即超过“低谷”的15～30%.锂治疗剂量为0.3～1.3mmol/L;大于2.0mmol/L时,将出现严重毒性反应.长期服锂可致肾受损,延长半衰期,如不减小剂量,势必产生一个由药物导致疾病的、持久的恶性循环.通常设计的监测手段是将锂的谷血浓度控制在1.3mmol/L以下,或维持较低水平,所以能长期服用而又减少损害肾功能的危险性.肾功能正常时,血锂浓度随剂量而产生一定比例的变化,无需复杂的药物动力学计算.茶碱:茶碱的t1/2为4～12h,对于需长期连续24h服药者,最短的实际给药间隔为6h,此时血药浓度极有可能从峰值降至低谷达50%以上.该药治疗血浓范
Lithium: The amount of lithium is usually quantified by atomic absorption spectroscopy or emission flame photometry Lithium has no metabolites in the body and shows a first order elimination constant, t1 / 2 of 14-33 h. Prolonged treatment does not significantly alter its kinetic properties. After 3 to 7 days, the blood concentration reached steady state.If every 8h administration, blood lithium concentration in the steady state is still fluctuating, that is, more than “low ” 15 ~ 30% lithium dose of 0.3 ~ 1.3mmol / L; Greater than 2.0mmol / L, there will be serious toxicity. Long-term lithium can cause kidney damage, to extend the half-life, if not reduce the dose, is bound to produce a drug-induced disease, a lasting vicious cycle. Of the monitoring means is to control the trough concentration of lithium in 1.3mmol / L or less, or to maintain a low level, so long-term use and reduce the risk of damaging renal function.In normal renal function, blood lithium concentration with dose A certain percentage of changes, without complex pharmacokinetic calculations.theophylline: theophylline t1 / 2 for 4 ~ 12h, for long-term continuous 24h medication, the shortest actual dosing interval of 6h, when the plasma concentration pole It is possible to drop from peak to trough up to 50%