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应用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及X射线能谱(EDS)分析技术,对东太平洋表层黏土组分沉积物中的蒙皂石族矿物进行了全面的测试分析.XRD结果显示多数蒙皂石结晶不好,约占黏土矿物总量的20%.将研究区的蒙皂石族矿物划分为3种类型:富铁蒙皂石(类型1)、富铁镁蒙皂石(类型2)和钠钙蒙皂石(类型3).其中,类型1在沉积物中分布最广,SEM下表现为蜂窝状,TEM下为呈聚集或分散趋势的毛发状,或边缘微卷的云雾状集合体,可以作为东太平洋“自生”蒙皂石的标型矿物种;类型2在TEM下的形态与类型1相似,呈现由极薄的片状向毛发状体过渡;钠钙蒙皂石在TEM下则为边界模糊的板状体.类型1是洋底火山物质蚀变的产物,并在一定程度上受到了区内热液活动的改造,其中的一部分矿物也可能本身就是低温热液活动的产物.类型2也是一种“自生”成因的蒙皂石.类型3为外源的蒙皂石,推断来自遥远且干旱的母岩区.研究表明,蒙皂石族矿物的化学成分和微形貌特征对沉积物来源、矿物成因及大洋沉积作用有重要指示意义.
The montmorillonite minerals in the sediments of the topsoil clays in the eastern Pacific Ocean were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) A comprehensive test and analysis showed that most smectite crystals did not crystallize well, accounting for about 20% of the total amount of clay minerals.The smectite minerals in the study area were divided into three types: iron-rich smectite (type 1 ), Iron-rich magnesia smectite (type 2) and sodium-calcium-smectite (type 3), of which type 1 was the most widely distributed in sediments, honeycombed under SEM, and aggregated or dispersed under TEM Of the hair-like, or marginal micro-cloud cloud-like aggregates, can be used as the eastern Pacific “self” smectite minerals; Type 2 under TEM morphology similar to type 1, showing a very thin flaky Hairy body transition and sodium-calcium smectites are fuzzy boundary plate under the TEM.The type 1 is the product of alteration of oceanic volcanic material and is modified to a certain extent by the hydrothermal activity in the area, Part of the mineral may also be itself a product of low-temperature hydrothermal activity. Type 2 is also a “self-generated” Saponite. Type 3 is exogenous smectite, which is deduced from the remote and arid mother rock area. The results show that the chemical composition and microfacial features of the smectite minerals have important influences on the origin of sediments, mineralogy and sedimentation of the ocean There is an important indicator.