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(一)前言机车车辆零部件欲承受作用于其上的载荷,必须要有足够的强度。在研究强度时,必须明确作用于零部件上的应力,应力是强度的晴雨表。铁道机车车辆不仅支承其自身的重量,而且承受动力装置、货物和乘客等负荷在线路上运行,反复受到较大应力的作用。在条件恶劣的工况下产生裂纹,甚至破坏。象给人诊断病情一样,对机车车辆零部件产生裂纹和破坏的现象也要查明原因,其中重要的一项就是了解机车车辆零部件在实际运用条件下所受应力的状况,即利用电测法进行应力测量。这就是在所要测量的零部件上粘贴电阻丝应变片,通过连接导线传到测试仪表上加以记录,由测量结果作出分析和评价。有时也是为了向设计人员提供实际应力值,在修改设计或新设计中按材料容许应力决定零部件尺寸。目前对
(A) Foreword Locomotive and rolling stock parts to withstand the load acting on it, must have sufficient strength. In the study of the intensity, we must clearly stress on the components, the stress is a barometer of strength. Railway locomotives not only support their own weight, but also withstand the power plant, cargo and passenger load on the line, repeatedly subject to greater stress. Cracks in the conditions of bad conditions, or even destroyed. The same as giving the diagnosis of the same situation on the rolling stock parts and components of the phenomenon of cracks and damage should also identify the reasons, one of the important one is to understand the rolling stock parts under actual conditions of stress conditions, the use of electrical measurements Method for stress measurement. This is the part to be measured on the resistance wire attached to the strain gauge, connected to the test instrument by connecting the wire to record, from the measurement results to make analysis and evaluation. Sometimes it is also for the designer to provide the actual stress value, in the modified design or new design, the material allowable stress determines the size of the components. Right now