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盂肱关节是人体中活动范围最大的关节，球窝结构特点使得关节易出现不稳定。而肩胛盂的形态(肩胛盂宽度、关节面凹面深度、肩胛盂扭转角和倾斜角)，以及关节周围的韧带和肌腱均对维持关节稳定性起着重要作用。本文详细阐述了肩胛盂及周围软组织如何通过关节内负压和凹面-加压效应两种机制，维持肩关节在非极限活动范围内的稳定性。并根据数学原理，总结关节内负压和关节稳定率的计算公式，使得这两个概念更易于临床应用。关节稳定率反映了凹面-加压效应的大小，根据标准CT检查即可计算盂肱关节上下方向或前后方向的关节稳定率，指导临床实践。“,”Glenohumeral joint is the joint with the largest range of motion in human body. The characteristics of ball and socket structure make the joint unstable. The shape of glenoid (glenoid width, glenoid concave depth, glenoid twist angle and inclination angle), as well as the ligaments and tendons around the joint play an important role in maintaining joint stability. This paper describes in detail how the glenoid and its surrounding soft tissue can maintain the stability of the shoulder joint in the non limit range of motion through two mechanisms: intra articular negative pressure and concave compression effect. According to the mathematical principle, the formulas of intra-articular negative pressure and joint stability rate are summarized, which make the two concepts more convenient for clinical application. The joint stability rate reflects the concave compression effect. According to the standard computed tomography (CT) examination, we can calculate the joint stability rate of the glenohumeral joint in the up and down direction or the anteroposterior direction, so as to guide clinical practice.