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肉碱(Carnitine)于1905年发现.1927年明确它的化学结构是3-羟-4-N-三甲铵丁酸.存在于各种活组织中,动物组织中的含量多于植物组织.过去半个世纪,人们尚未认识到肉碱作为一种营养素的重要作用,曾译成肉毒碱.直到1947年,才知道它是大黄粉虫的一种生长因子,属于B族维生素,因此,称之为“维生素B_T”.“T”代表昆虫(Tenebrio).1958年,Irving Fritz发现肉碱在哺乳动物的脂肪酸代谢中的主要作用. 肉碱对于转运活化的长链脂肪酸以脂酰肉碱的形式透入线粒体内膜是必需的.长链脂肪酸和脂酰辅酶A除非与肉碱发生酯化作用,否则,是不能透过线粒体膜的.肉碱由两种必需氨基酸(赖氨酸和甲硫氨酸)所合成,赖氨酸提
Carnitine was discovered in 1905. Its chemical structure was defined as 3-hydroxy-4-N-trimethylammonium butyrate in 1927. It is found in a variety of living tissues, more than animal tissues, in the past Half a century, people have not yet realized the important role of carnitine as a nutrient, has been translated as carnitine until 1947, we know that it is a growth factor of large Tenebrio, belonging to B vitamins, therefore, said “Vitamin B_T.” “T” stands for Tenebrio. Irving Fritz discovered the major role of carnitine in fatty acid metabolism in mammals in 1958. Carnitine For the transport of activated long chain fatty acids to acylcarnitine Form penetration into the mitochondrial inner membrane is necessary.Long chain fatty acids and fatty acyl-CoA can not be transmitted through the mitochondrial membrane unless it is esterified with carnitine.Carnitine consists of two essential amino acids (lysine and a Lysine)