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澳大利亚西北陆架贫油富气,在近年的勘探开发中显示出广阔的前景。通过对澳大利亚西北陆架大量相关文献的分析总结,区域上包括4个盆地和1个造山带:北卡那封盆地、柔布克盆地、布劳斯盆地、波拿巴盆地和帝汶-班达褶皱带。西北陆架属边缘海型被动大陆边缘,构造演化经历了前裂谷期、裂谷期和被动大陆边缘期三大阶段,对应发育有三大沉积建造层序。西北陆架的油气绝大多数集中在中生界,且呈现“内油外气,上油下气”的分布特点。发育三套主要烃源岩:三叠系湖相泥页岩、侏罗系海陆过渡相碳质泥岩和煤系及海相泥岩及下白垩统海相泥页岩,烃源岩样品显示其大多具生气能力,揭示了形成烃源岩的4种模式;主力储集层为裂谷期海相砂岩,被动陆缘期白垩系浊积砂岩是潜在储层;下白垩统海相泥页岩是区域性盖层。根据形成储盖组合的沉积环境,主要发育海相型、海陆过渡相型和陆相型三大储盖组合类型,海陆过渡相型储盖组合是区域主要的成藏组合。油气运移的方式主要有构造脊运移、垂向运移和不整合面侧向运移,超压、断层和不整合面是本区影响运移的主要因素。油气成藏以近源下生上储占主导。随着勘探技术的进步,本区油气勘探前景广阔。
The depletion of oil and gas from the Northwest shelf in Australia shows a promising future in exploration and development. Based on the analysis of a large number of related literature on the northwestern shelf of Australia, there are four basins and one orogen in the area: the North Carolina basin, the soft cloth basin, the Braus basin, the Bonaparte basin and Timor-Leste Fold belt. The northwest shelf belongs to the marginal sea-type passive continental margin. The tectonic evolution has experienced three stages of pre-rift, rift and passive continental margins. Correspondingly, there are three major sedimentary sequences. Most of the oil and gas in the northwest shelf are concentrated in the Mesozoic, and show the distribution characteristics of “oil and gas inside, oil under gas ”. Three major source rocks were developed: Triassic lacustrine shale, Jurassic marine-facies carbonaceous mudstone, coal and marine mudstone, and Lower Cretaceous marine shale and hydrocarbon source rock samples With the ability of gas to reveal four modes of source rock formation. The main reservoirs are rift phase marine sandstone and passive continental margin Cretaceous turbidite sandstone is potential reservoir. The Lower Cretaceous marine mud shale is Regional cap layer. According to the depositional environment that forms the reservoir-cap assemblage, the three major reservoir-cap assemblages are marine-facies, land-sea transitional facies and continental facies, and the continental-continental transitional facies-reservoir-cap assemblage is the major reservoir-forming assemblage. The main modes of hydrocarbon migration are tectonic ridge migration, vertical migration and unconformity lateral migration. Overpressure, faults and unconformities are the main factors affecting the migration. Oil and gas reservoirs dominated by near-subsurface storage. With the improvement of exploration technology, the prospect of oil and gas exploration in this area is bright.