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2004～2005年对武夷山茶园动物群落进行系统调查。结果表明,茶园动物隶属于3门、8纲、31目、252科、1188种。其中,植食者450种(占总物种数的37.88%)、捕食者323(占27.19%)、寄生者133种(占11.20%)、腐食者230种(占19.36%)、杂食者52种(占4.38%)。在茶园动物群落中,同翅目、疥螨目、柄眼目、鞘翅目为生态优势类群,而柄眼目、直翅目和鳞翅目则为资源优势类群。98.99%的动物物种为稀有种或偶见种,而90.91%的物种为资源次要种。动物群落及植食者、捕食者、寄生者和腐食者的种-多度关系同时符合对数正态分布和对数序列分布,而杂食者的种—多度关系则符合对数序列分布。动物群落及各营养类群的多样性、丰盛度及均匀性都呈现明显的季节消长规律,且其多样性指数(Shannon-Wiener指数)都与物种丰富度和均匀度一致。多样性指数的大小依次为:捕食性类群>寄生性类群>总群落>杂食性类群>植食性类群>腐食性类群;均匀度大小则依次为:寄生性类群>杂食性类群>捕食性类群>总群落>植食性类群>腐食性类群。植食者和腐食者作为空间食物种类资源均能够显著促进群落容纳较多的天敌物种,天敌对这两类群的空间数量跟随效应强,而且捕食者、植食者和腐食者的多样性相互促进。
From 2004 to 2005, the author systematically investigated the tea plantations in Wuyi Mountain. The results showed that the tea plantation belongs to 3 classes, 8 classes, 31 orders, 252 families and 1,188 species. Among them, there were 450 species of plant-eaters (37.88% of the total species), 323 species of predators (27.19%), 133 species of parasites (11.20%), 230 species of decayers (19.36%), (4.38%). Among the tea plantations, Homoptera, Scaberidae, Stalker’s Eye and Coleoptera are the predominant ecologically dominant groups, while the orders of stalk eyes, Orthoptera and Lepidoptera are the resource groups. 98.99% of the animal species are rare or occasional, while 90.91% of the species are minor resources. The species-abundance relationships of animal communities and plant-growers, predators, parasites and rot-eaters coincide with log-normal distribution and logarithmic distribution, while omnivore species-abundance relationships are log-log distribution. The diversity, abundance and evenness of the animal community and nutrition groups all showed obvious seasonal fluctuation and the Shannon-Wiener index was consistent with the species richness and evenness. The order of diversity index is: predatory group> parasitic group> total community> omnivorous group> phytophagous group> carnivorous group; the order of evenness is: parasitic group> omnivorous group> predatory group> Total Communities> Phytophagous> Carnivorous. Vegetarians and rotten eaters as spatial food species resources can significantly promote the community to accommodate more natural enemies, natural enemies of these two groups of spatial number follow-up effect, and the predator, plant-eater and the rotten person’s diversity promote each other .