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利用2个优良爆裂玉米自交系与6个Reid类群普通玉米自交系杂交组配12个杂交组合,研究穗长、穗粗、穗行数、行粒数、百粒重、穗重、穗粒重和出籽率8个穗粒性状的F1表现、杂种优势和F2群体表现、分离特征及其与亲本的相关性。结果表明,不同组合F1表现、中亲优势(MH)、超高亲优势(HH)和F2群体的平均值(F2M)、变幅、变异系数、优势衰退(HDR)等均存在不同程度差异,各穗粒性状杂交早代的遗传背景效应突出;F2群体各性状均呈连续正态分布,存在超双亲分离,为多基因控制的复杂数量性状;杂种优势较小的穗行数、出籽率和穗粗可以根据两类亲本或其均值初步预测其组合F1和F2M值的表现,对于杂种优势较大的穗重、穗粒重和百粒重不宜进行预测;除穗行数和出籽率外,其余性状F1表现与F2M、MH和HH以及F2M、MH、HH间多呈显著或极显著正相关,HDR与F1、F2M、MH和HH均呈显著或极显著负相关;R2×N04、R4×N10和R5×N10组合为进一步开展遗传作图和改良爆裂玉米自交系穗粒性状的最佳群体。
Twelve hybrid combinations were obtained from two elite inbred lines of popcorn with 6 Reid groups and normal maize inbred lines. The effects of spike length, ear diameter, number of rows per plant, number of rows, 100-kernel weight, panicle weight, panicle weight, F1 performance, heterosis and F2 population performance, segregation characteristics and their relationship with F1 population of 8 panicle traits in grain weight and seed setting rate. The results showed that the F1 performance, MH, HH, F2M, amplitude, coefficient of variation and HDR of different combinations differed to some extent, The genetic background effect of hybrids of ear traits was prominent in the early generation. The F2 population showed a continuous normal distribution with super-parental segregation, which was a complex quantitative trait controlled by multiple genes. The number of ear rows with heterosis, And panicle coarse can be based on two types of parents or their average preliminary prediction of the combination of F1 and F2M value of the performance of the greater heterosis panicle weight, grain weight and weight per 100 grain should not be predicted; There were significant or very significant positive correlations between F1 and F2M, MH and HH, F2M, MH and HH, and significant or very significant negative correlations between HDR and F1, F2M, MH and HH. R2 × N04, The combination of R4 × N10 and R5 × N10 is the best group to further carry out genetic mapping and improve grain traits in popcorn inbred lines.