论文部分内容阅读
本文对“土地上穷天寰、下及地心”的法谚进行了详细的分析,揭示了这一法谚的历史渊源和本质。从历史来源上来看,这一法谚并非来自罗马法的文本,而是来源于中世纪注释法学家的著作。罗马法上的观念被注释法学家绝对化,把土地所有权人的权利扩展至无限高度的空间,并把它作为一个较为僵化的信条,最后这一信条在英国的早期判例和学者著作中形成了“Cujus estsolum ejus est usque ad coelum”表达。从本质上来看,“土地上穷天寰、下及地心”只是用一种较为夸张的方式表达了这样两个意思:其一,土地所有权人可以不受限制地占有、利用地表上下的空间;其二,土地所有权人可以不受干扰地利用土地,排除来自上空和地下的干涉。这种夸张的表达方式虽然曾经在理论上引发了较大争议,但在司法实践中,法官一般是采取较为灵活的态度,而没有僵化地适用这句法谚。另外,这一法谚与“土地空间分层所有”毫无关系。在土地空间分层利用出现前,两大法系在理论上和实践中都处于同一位置上。
This paper analyzes in detail the proverbs of “the world on a patchy land under the sky, the earth and the earth”, and reveals the historical origin and essence of this proverb. Historically, this proverb came not from the texts of Roman law, but from the works of medieval annotation jurists. The notion of Roman law was absolute by annotated jurists, extending the rights of the landowner to an infinitely high degree of space, and using it as a more rigid doctrine, culminating in the early English jurisprudence and scholarly writings “Cujus estsolum ejus est usque ad coelum ”. In essence, “the land on the earth, the earth, and the earth under heaven” only expresses two meanings in a more exaggerated way: First, the landowner can have unrestricted possession, using the surface up and down Second, landowners can use land without interference and exclude interference from above and underground. Although this exaggerated way of expression has caused much controversy in theory, in judicial practice, judges generally adopt a more flexible attitude without applying the syntactic pro-tem rigidly. In addition, this proverb has nothing to do with “land space stratification ”. Before stratified utilization of land space appeared, both legal systems were in the same position both in theory and in practice.