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[目的]通过对水厂三卤甲烷和卤乙酸的检测及其健康风险评价,了解浦东新区出厂水消毒副产物含量分布及其对人群潜在的健康风险。[方法]选取浦东新区5家水厂出厂水,于2012年的3、5和6月份,2013年的3、5和8月份以及2014年的2月份采集水样共28份,分别检测三卤甲烷和卤乙酸浓度,结合风险评价模型对人群通过饮水途径暴露于三卤甲烷和卤乙酸进行健康风险评价。[结果]出厂水消毒副产物检出浓度最高者为D水厂丰水期的氯仿(15.0μg/L);最低者为B水厂枯水期的二氯乙酸(未检出);5家水厂中氯仿浓度丰水期>枯水期,二溴一氯甲烷和溴仿浓度丰水期<枯水期;5家水厂二氯乙酸和三氯乙酸浓度范围分别为未检出~3.33μg/L和0.55~8.25μg/L,其中三氯乙酸浓度在丰水期略高于枯水期,而二氯乙酸含量变化不大。经口致癌风险中二溴一氯甲烷居首位(最高为2.90×10-5),最低为氯仿(5.30×10-7)。除丰水期溴仿(风险范围5.30×10-7~1.10×10-6)外,5家水厂丰、枯水两时期的二溴一氯甲烷、一溴二氯甲烷、二氯乙酸和三氯乙酸致癌风险范围在2.00×10-6~3.14×10-5,高于美国环境保护署给出的可接受最低致癌风险(1×10-6)。非致癌风险氯仿最高,其次为枯水期的二氯乙酸。经口致癌和非致癌风险均表现为时期和性别差异:枯水期>丰水期(5家水厂氯仿和B水厂二氯乙酸和三氯乙酸的非致癌风险表现丰水期>枯水期),女性>男性。[结论]5个水厂饮用水中二溴一氯甲烷和一溴二氯甲烷的致癌风险最高,氯仿和二氯乙酸非致癌风险最高,且枯水期大于丰水期,在改善饮用水加工工艺时应重视长期暴露于饮用水中消毒副产物引起的潜在健康风险,并针对枯水期和丰水期的差异进行工艺调整,降低水中消毒副产物对人群的健康危害。
[Objective] To know the distribution of disinfection by-products in factory water and the potential health risks to the population in Pudong New Area by testing the trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids in waterworks and their health risk assessment. [Method] The factory water of 5 waterworks in Pudong New Area was selected. A total of 28 water samples were collected in 3,5 and 6 months in 2012, 3,5 and 8 months in 2013 and February 2014 respectively, Methane and haloacetic acid concentrations, combined with a risk assessment model to assess the health risks of exposures to trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids in drinking water through the population. [Result] The highest concentration of the by-product disinfection by-product was the chloroform (15.0μg / L) during the wet season of D plant. The lowest was Dichloroacetic acid (not detected) during the dry season of plant B; The concentration of chloroform in high water period> low water period, dibromochloromethane and bromoform concentration in wet season wet season (non-carcinogenic risk of dichloroacetic acid and trichloroacetic acid in the chlorofluoric acid and trichloroacetic acid in the five water plants during the wet season> dry season), female > Men. [Conclusion] The carcinogenic risks of dibromochloromethane and bromodichloromethane in the drinking water of the five water plants are the highest, the non-carcinogenic risks of chloroform and dichloroacetic acid are the highest, and the dry season is longer than the wet season. When improving the processing technology of drinking water Attention should be paid to the potential health risks caused by long-term exposure to disinfection byproducts in drinking water. Process adjustments should be made for the differences between dry season and wet season to reduce the health hazard of disinfection by-products in water.