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阿片类物质依赖性的机制十分复杂但在细胞和分子水平上得到较广泛的研究，取得了明显进展。其可能机制主要涉及到对阿片受体和内源性阿片肽以及对阿片受体后效应的调节且与神经系统、内分泌系统和体内一些重要活性物质的调节有密切关系。阿片类物质依赖的药物治疗主要是替代和非替代两种办法，各有利弊。防复吸是目前该领域研究的重点和难点。深入探讨阿片类物质依赖性机制和开发新型药物仍是当今重要研究方向。
The mechanisms of opioid dependence are complex but have been studied more extensively at the cellular and molecular level with notable progress. Its possible mechanism mainly involves the regulation of the opioid receptors and endogenous opioid peptides and the post-opioid receptor effects and is closely related to the regulation of nervous system, endocrine system and some important active substances in the body. Opioid-dependent drug treatment is mainly the alternative and non-alternative methods, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. Anti-resuscitation is the focus of research in this area and difficult. In-depth discussion of opioid dependence mechanisms and the development of new drugs is still an important research direction.