一、前言我国历史悠久、文化遗存丰厚,具有众多的古迹、文物。而这些古迹、文物从不同的侧面反映了各个历史时期人类的社会活动、社会关系、意识形态以及人类利用自然、改造自然和当时生态环境的状况,是全人类宝贵的历史文化遗产。其自身所具有的历史价值、艺术价值、科学价值和经济价值是不可取代的。因此《世界文化和自然遗产保护公约》要求签约国“加强科学技术的研究和考察,改善工作方法,使国家得以消除威胁遗产之危险”。因历经沧桑,世界遗产在保存过程中主要经受风、雨、雷、电、火、地震、虫害、霉菌等自然因素的破坏以及因保护、搬运不当造成的人为损坏。因为文化遗产不可再生, I. Introduction China has a long history and abundant cultural relics, with numerous monuments and cultural relics. These monuments and cultural relics reflect the social activities, social relations, ideology and mankind’s use of nature, the transformation of nature and the ecological environment in different historical periods from different aspects. It is a precious historic and cultural heritage of all mankind. Its own historical value, artistic value, scientific value and economic value are irreplaceable. Therefore, the “Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage” requires the signatories to “strengthen research and study on science and technology and improve their working methods so that the country can eliminate the danger of threatening its heritage.” Due to the vicissitudes of life, the world heritage is mainly subjected to the destruction of natural factors such as wind, rain, lightning, electricity, fire, earthquakes, pests and mildew as well as man-made damage due to protection and handling. Because cultural heritage is not renewable,