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目的 探讨合肥口岸输入性疟疾的流行病学特征,为进一步加强输入性疟疾防控工作提供科学依据.方法 对2015-2016年在安徽国际旅行卫生保健中心进行归国体检的入境人员,开展疟疾快速检测(胶体金法)、血涂片镜检和防控知识问卷调查,对资料进行描述性分析.结果 2015-2016年,在合肥口岸287名入境人员中共发现46例疟疾病例,总阳性率16.0％.均为男性,病例年龄分布在30～49岁年龄组,占82.6％.职业以工人为主,国内居住地占首位的是肥东县,占50％;境外停留国家以安哥拉最多,占56.5％,境外停留时间主要是12～23个月,占47.8％.在国外发病1～2次者36例,占78.3％.疟疾防控知识中“疟疾没有疫苗预防”的知晓率最低(45.7％).结论 合肥口岸输入性疟疾防控形势依然严峻,且有反复发病的情况,必须做好出入境人员健康教育和监测工作.“,”Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of imported malaria cases at Hefei port,and to provide scientific evidence for the control and prevention.Methods Malaria was detected by using rapid detect test (Colloidal gold) and blood smear microscopy.The questionnaire survey about prevention of malaria was conducted among entry Chinese persons.The epidemic characteristics were analyzed.Results A total of 46 malaria cases were found among 287 entry persons,positive rate was 16.0％.All the cases were male,a large part of them were 30-49 years old,workers from Feidong and mainly returned from Angola,stayed abroad for 12-23 months,suffered from malaria 1-2 times abroad.The lowest awareness of malaria knowledge was “no vaccine to prevent”.Conclusion The threat of imported malaria at Hefei port was gradually increased.Health education and surveillance should be strengthened among entry-exit personnel.