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目的了解宁波市江北区2009-2010年手足口病流行病学特征与主要病原,为今后制定有效的防控措施提供科学依据。方法利用信息系统收集2009-2010年(1~7月)宁波市江北区手足口病病例,比较两年同期的发病率、发病人群、聚集性疫情等特征。采集2010年40份手足口病病例粪便样本,采用反转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测病毒核酸进行病原学鉴定。结果 2010年(1~7月)手足口病的发病率为240.32/10万,2009年同期发病率为101.6/10万。两年病例分别覆盖辖区所有街道与乡镇,病例主要集中在城乡结合部的街道(庄桥、洪塘、甬江),以散居儿童为主。两年的发病高峰从16周开始,28周以后逐渐下降。2010年RT-PCR检测样本EV71阳性率为61.3%,CoA16阳性率为25.8%,肠道病毒(未分型)阳性率为12.9%。结论江北区手足口病发病全年均有,夏秋季为流行高峰,3岁以下的散居儿童是发病的主要人群,病例主要集中在城乡结合部。2010年江北区手足口病流行的优势毒株为EV71。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics and major pathogens of hand-foot-mouth disease in Jiangbei District of Ningbo City from 2009 to 2010 and provide a scientific basis for effective prevention and control measures in the future. Methods The information system was used to collect the cases of hand-foot-mouth disease in Jiangbei District of Ningbo City during 2009-2010 (from January to July), and to compare the incidence rate, the incidence population and the epidemic situation in the same period of two years. 40 samples of hand, foot and mouth disease in 2010 were collected for stool samples, and the viral nucleic acid was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for etiological identification. Results The incidence of hand, foot and mouth disease in 2010 (January to July) was 240.32 / 100 000, the same period in 2009 was 101.6 / 100 000. Two years of cases cover all the streets and townships in the area, the cases mainly concentrated in the streets of the urban-rural combination (Zhuangqiao, Hongtang, Yongjiang), mainly for scattered children. The peak incidence in two years started from 16 weeks and gradually decreased after 28 weeks. The positive rate of EV71 in 2010 by RT-PCR was 61.3%, the positive rate of CoA16 was 25.8%, and the positive rate of enterovirus (non-typing) was 12.9%. Conclusion The incidence of HFMD in Jiangbei District is high throughout the year. The prevalence peak is found in summer and autumn. Diaspore children under 3 years of age are the main population of onset. The cases mainly focus on the junction of urban and rural areas. The dominant strain of HFMD in Jiangbei District in 2010 was EV71.