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在识别缺资料流域水文模型参数时,目前常采用的区域化方法存在相似流域间降雨径流关系差别较大、模型参数与流域属性间的相关性不明显、在大范围缺资料地区难于选取参考流域等问题。本文从全球陆面数据同化系统(GLDAS)获取流域蒸散量数据,提出利用GLDAS蒸散量率定GSAC模型的方法。首先,通过合并网格建立GSAC模型模拟的蒸散量与GLDAS蒸散量在时间和空间方面的对应关系;其次,基于纳什效率系数的定义构建了一个模型率定指标,以评价GSAC模型模拟的蒸散量对GLDAS蒸散量的拟合效果;最后依据GLDAS蒸散量与GSAC模型模拟蒸散量之间的拟合关系率定GSAC模型。呼兰河流域应用结果表明,GLDAS提供的蒸散量能够较好反映流域实际蒸散量的变化情况,为率定GSAC模型提供了一种有效的输入数据;在率定期与验证期,利用GLDAS蒸散量率定的GSAC模型对流量模拟的纳什效率系数分别为0.81和0.77,与利用流量数据率定的GSAC模型模拟结果相当。
In the case of identifying hydrological model parameters of missing data basins, the regionalization methods commonly used today have quite different rainfall-runoff relationships, and the correlation between model parameters and watershed properties is not obvious. It is difficult to select reference basins in large areas with deficient data And other issues. In this paper, we obtain the data of evapotranspiration from global land surface data assimilation system (GLDAS) and propose a method to determine GSAC using GLDAS evapotranspiration. First, the GSAC model was used to establish the corresponding relationship between evapotranspiration and GLDAS evapotranspiration in the time and space through the merged grid. Secondly, a model calibration index was constructed based on the definition of Nash efficiency coefficient to evaluate the evapotranspiration Finally, the GSAC model was established based on the fitting relationship between GLDAS evapotranspiration and GSAC model simulated evapotranspiration. The application results of Hulan River Basin show that the evapotranspiration provided by GLDAS can reflect the change of actual evapotranspiration in the basin and provide an effective input data for the rate-determining GSAC model. During the periodical and verification periods, the GLDAS evapotranspiration The calibrated Nash efficiency coefficients of the calibrated GSAC model for flow modeling are 0.81 and 0.77, respectively, which are comparable to those of the GSAC model using flow rate data.