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有人做了这样一个实验:儿童喜欢用彩色蜡笔涂鸦作画,实验者便答应他们作画以后,给予物质奖励。如此做了若干次以后,如果不给他们奖励,他们便不自发地玩彩色蜡笔作画,宁愿玩他们本来不怎么喜欢玩的东西。原来作画的兴趣,现在明显降低了。按理说,孩子本身喜欢用彩色蜡笔涂鸦作画,再加上物质奖励,应该产生“增力”效应,但事情的结果却恰恰走向了反面,这倒底是怎么一回事呢?主要的原因是因为间接激因使用不当而产生了负效应。激因,是指能够刺激有机体产生“增力”活动的有利因素。它包括直接激因和间接激因两个方面的内容。直接激因是活动本身直接含有的,能够激发其直
Someone has done such an experiment: children like to use colored crayons and graffiti for painting, and the experimenter promises them to give material rewards after painting. After doing so many times, if they were not rewarded, they would not spontaneously play with colored crayons and would rather play with something they would rather enjoy. The original interest in painting, now significantly reduced. It stands to reason, children themselves like to use color crayon graffiti painting, coupled with material incentives, should produce “enhance ” effect, but the outcome of the matter just went to the opposite, which is how the whole thing down? The reason is the negative effect of improper use of indirect stimuli. Etiology refers to the favorable factors that can stimulate organisms to produce “boosting” activity. It includes direct incentives and indirect incentives two aspects. The direct cause is the activity itself contains directly, can inspire its straight