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要问价格在市场经济里起什么作用,大家一定会很轻松地作出回答:价格能自发调节生产资料和劳动力在社会生产各部门之间的分配比例,从而实现供求相等的最优资源配置。具体地说,当价格过高时,说明这种商品供不应求。这时消费者会因商品价格过高,不约而同地减少对这种商品的购买,而生产者因生产这种商品有利可图会纷纷增加这种商品的生产,这最终会使供求相等。当供求相等时,价格不再上升,实现了均衡,消费者不再减少购买量,生产者也不再增加生产量。市场实现了供求相等,也就是资源得到了最优配置——消费者的需求得到
To ask what effect prices play in the market economy, we will certainly be able to answer easily: the price can spontaneously adjust the distribution ratio of the means of production and the labor force among the various sectors of social production, so as to achieve optimal resource allocation with equal supply and demand. Specifically, when the price is too high, it means that this commodity is in short supply. At this time, consumers will reduce the purchase of such commodities because the commodity prices are too high, and the producers will profitably increase the production of such commodities because of the production of such commodities, which will ultimately equal supply and demand. When supply and demand are equal, prices no longer rise and equilibrium is achieved. Consumers no longer reduce purchases, and producers no longer increase production. The market achieves an equal supply and demand, that is, the resources are optimally configured - the needs of consumers are obtained