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年逾九十的费孝通教授从个人的研究经历出发，谈了自己经历农业社会到工业社会、工业社会到信息社会的“三级跳跃”，以及与此密切相关的从社区研究到中华民族多元一体研究、从中华民族多元一体研究到“文化自觉”概念的提出，并进而提出了21世纪要解决的主要问题之一是：各种不同文化的人，怎样在这个经济和文化上越来越息息相关的世界上和平共处?人类学应当探讨怎样才能实现文化的自我认识、相互理解、相互宽容和并存及“天下大同”的途径，也就是在全球范围内实行和确立“和而不同”的文化关系。展望21世纪，20世纪那种“战国群雄”的面貌已经受到一种新的世界格局的冲击，民族国家及其文化的分化格局面临着如何在一个全球化的世纪中更新自身的使命。
Prof. Fei Xiaotong, who is over ninety years old, started his research on personal experiences. He talked about his experiences of “three leaps and bounds” from agricultural society to industrial society and industrial society to information society, as well as closely related researches ranging from community studies to the Chinese nation The study of pluralism and integration, from the study of the pluralistic unity of the Chinese nation to the proposal of the concept of “cultural consciousness,” then proposes that one of the major problems to be solved in the 21st century is how people of different cultures become more and more economically and culturally Peaceful coexistence in a related world? Anthropology should explore ways to achieve a culture of self-awareness, mutual understanding, mutual tolerance and coexistence and “common ground” approach, that is, the global implementation and establishment of “harmony and difference” culture relationship. Looking into the 21st century, the appearance of the “warlords” in the 20th century has been impacted by a new world pattern. The differentiation pattern of the nation states and their cultures is facing the task of how to renew their own mission in a globalized century.