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为解决传统公路选线方法难以完全考虑青藏高原多年冻土区复杂地理环境的问题,将地理信息系统(GIS)的空间数据分析技术与智能进化算法引入到多年冻土区的公路选线过程中。利用GIS进行青藏高原多年冻土区的空间数据挖掘,从冻土病害影响因子的连续度和发育度方面考虑多年冻土区微地貌对公路选线的影响,建立了冻土病害危险度计算模型。利用面向对象技术开发组件式GIS,应用于青藏高原多年冻土区,完成了对多年冻土区复杂地理信息的分析和提取。构建了线位优化遗传算法,确立了自适应的迭代策略,借助粒子群算法,建立了基于遗传算法的路线优化模型。以青藏高原西大滩至昆仑山口路线走廊带某路段为例,进行了公路智能选线研究,经算法多次迭代后,得到了最优的线位方案。研究结果表明:在实际环境数据试验中,遗传算法在迭代至第60代左右时得到危险度最低的优选方案,其综合危险度稳定在3.75左右。可见,青藏高原多年冻土区公路智能选线方法能够结合各类冻土病害的危险程度,为公路线位布局指明冻土病害影响较小的区域,有效兼顾了“主动保护多年冻土,确保路基稳定,生态环境友好,布局经济合理”等要求,可作为多年冻土区公路路线设计的参考方法。
In order to solve the problem that traditional highway alignment method can not fully consider the complicated geo-environment in the permafrost region of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the spatial data analysis technology and intelligent evolutionary algorithm of GIS are introduced into the route selection process in permafrost regions . The spatial data mining in the permafrost region of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is carried out by using GIS. Taking into account the influence of micro-topography in permafrost regions on the route selection of road, the hazard degree calculation model of permafrost . Component-based GIS was developed using object-oriented technology and applied to the permafrost region of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, completing the analysis and extraction of complex geographic information in permafrost regions. A genetic optimization algorithm based on genetic algorithm is established, an adaptive iterative strategy is established, and a particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to establish a route optimization model based on genetic algorithm. Taking a certain section of the corridor of Xidatan to Kunlun Pass in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau as an example, the intelligent route selection of highway is studied. After the iteration of the algorithm, the optimal alignment scheme is obtained. The results show that in the actual environmental data experiment, the genetic algorithm has the lowest risk when iterating to the 60th generation, and its comprehensive risk is stable at about 3.75. It can be seen that the intelligent selection of highway in permafrost region on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau can combine the dangerous degree of various types of frozen soil disease, provide the area with less influence on the frozen soil damage for the layout of highway lines, take effective account of the active protection of permafrost, Ensure stable roadbed, eco-friendly and reasonable layout, "and other requirements, can be used as a reference road route design in permafrost regions.