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目的探讨HIV抗体筛查(ELISA)与免疫印迹(WB)试验之关系,为提高艾滋病检测技术提供依据。方法操作及结果判断按照《全国艾滋病检测技术规范》实施,对于HIV抗体初筛检测呈阳性反应的样本采用免疫印迹试验进行确证。结果 468例HIV抗体复核样本中,两种ELISA都呈阳性反应的464例,与WB的阳性符合率为99.13%;复核实验一阴一阳4例,与WB的阳性符合率0%;S/CO值落在1~6之间,阳性符合率为92.50%;S/CO值在6~10之间,确证试验阳性符合率为99.17%;S/CO值≥10,确证试验符合率为99.63%;所有的确证样本中,HIV-1抗体特异带的gp160、gp120、gp41、p24的出现都在98.00%以上,其中有4例同时出现HIV-2型抗体条带gp36。结论 ELISA诊断试剂存在有一定的假阳性,随着S/CO值的增高,与确证试验的阳性符合率也将升高,但是,高S/CO值的样本并不代表感染HIV,低S/CO值也不能代表HIV阴性,所以,HIV抗体阳性的报告应以确证试验的结果为准。
Objective To explore the relationship between HIV antibody screening (ELISA) and immunoblot (WB) test and to provide basis for improving AIDS detection technology. Method operation and result judgment In accordance with the “National AIDS Testing Technical Code”, the samples positive for HIV antibody screening test were confirmed by Western blotting. Results Among the 468 HIV antibody samples reviewed, 464 were positive for both ELISA tests and the positive coincidence rate with WB was 99.13%. Four patients with positive yin and yang were tested in the review and 0% positive with WB. The S / CO value between 1 to 6, the positive coincidence rate of 92.50%; S / CO value between 6 to 10, confirm the test positive coincidence rate of 99.17%; S / CO value ≥ 10, confirm the test coincidence rate of 99.63 %. In all the confirmatory samples, the presence of gp160, gp120, gp41 and p24 specific bands of HIV-1 antibody was over 98.00%, of which 4 cases also showed the gp36 antibody band of HIV-2 antibody. Conclusions ELISA diagnostic reagents have some false positives. With the increase of S / CO value, the positive coincidence rate with confirmatory test will also increase. However, samples with high S / CO value do not represent HIV positive, low S / CO value can not represent HIV negative, therefore, HIV antibody positive report should confirm the results of the test shall prevail.