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以544份云南地方稻核心种质为材料,在昆明自然低温(苗期平均5.5～12.3℃,孕穗期平均17.8℃)冷害下,按籼粳、稻作区进行云南稻核心种质苗期耐冷性与孕穗期耐冷性的特点及关系研究。结果表明:(1)苗期耐冷性与孕穗期耐冷性密切相关,苗期耐冷性强的材料表现为孕穗期株高、剑叶长和宽、穗颈长、穗下节长、1～2节长、穗长较长、穗粒数较多,耐冷性较强。通过对苗期耐冷性的严格选择,可以间接获得孕穗期耐冷性较强的材料。(2)苗期和孕穗期耐冷性在籼粳间、稻作区间差异明显。籼粳间均表现为粳稻强于籼稻;稻作区间苗期耐冷性为滇中一季籼粳稻区和滇南单双季籼稻区最强,滇中一季籼粳稻区和滇西北高寒粳稻区孕穗期耐冷性较强,揭示了水稻苗期与穗期耐冷性的形成演化机制存在一致性和差异性。
544 accessions of Yunnan local core collection were used to study the cold tolerance of core collection of Yunnan rice germplasm at indica-japonica and rice-growing regions under natural low temperature (average seedling 5.5 ~ 12.3 ℃, average booting 17.8 ℃) Study on the Characteristics and Relationship of Cold Tolerance of Sex and Booting Stage. The results showed that: (1) cold tolerance at seedling stage was closely related to cold tolerance at booting stage, and the materials with high cold tolerance at seedling stage were plant height, flag leaf length and width, ear length, ear length, Section length, longer spike length, spike grain number, cold tolerance stronger. Through the strict selection of cold tolerance at seedling stage, the material with strong cold tolerance at booting stage can be obtained indirectly. (2) The cold tolerance at seedling and booting stage was significantly different between indica and japonica rice. Indica-Japonica rice showed stronger japonica rice than indica rice at the seedling stage. The cold tolerance at the seedling stage was the highest in Indica-japonica rice in central Yunnan and the single-double indica rice in southern Yunnan, the first Indica-japonica rice in central Yunnan and the high-alpine japonica rice in Northwest Yunnan. Cold tolerance is strong, revealing that there is consistency and difference in the formation and evolution mechanism of cold tolerance at seedling stage and panicle stage.