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一个理想的造影剂应该具备含碘量高、对比度清晰、毒性低、反应少以及排泄迅速等特点。离子型造影剂存在离子化和高渗性的弊病,注入血管后易引起体内一系列反应。70年代初非离子型造影剂甲泛醣胺(Metrizamide)问世,开创了造影剂研制的新局面。在此基础上,陆续出现了一些新的非离子型低渗化含物。与此同时,离子型造影剂的研究也有进展。我们曾对造影剂发展历史、离子型造影剂的特点以及甲泛醣胺作过详细介绍,现将国外目前常用或已临床试用的几种低渗型造影剂简介如下。
An ideal contrast agent should have high iodine content, clear contrast, low toxicity, less reaction and excretion quickly and so on. Ionic contrast medium has the drawbacks of ionization and hypertonicity, after injection of blood vessels can easily lead to a series of body reactions. The early 1970s, non-ionic contrast agent Metrizamide (Metrizamide) came out, creating a new situation in the development of contrast agents. On this basis, some new non-ionic low permeability inclusions appeared one after another. At the same time, research on ionic contrast agents has also progressed. We have on the history of contrast agents, the characteristics of ionic contrast agents and methylamine, made a detailed introduction, now commonly used abroad or clinical trials of several hypotonic contrast agents are as follows.