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交换关系是生产关系的一个方面。在商品经济的条件下,生产品的交换通过商品流通来实现。马克思指出:“流通本身只是交换的一定因素,或者也是从总体上看的交换。”“私的交换以私的生产为前提。”“交换的深度、广度和方式都是由生产的发展和结构决定的。”(《马克思、恩格斯选集》第2卷第101—102页)这就是说,商品流通的性质、形式及其发展都是由商品生产决定的,有什么性质和形式的商品生产,就相应地会有什么性质和形式的商品流通为它服务。这是生产关系一定要适合生产力发展水平的经济规律在商品流通领域中的客观要求。
Exchange relations are one aspect of the relations of production. Under the condition of commodity economy, the exchange of the products is achieved through the circulation of commodities. Marx pointed out: “Circulation itself is only a factor of exchange, or of exchange as a whole.” “The exchange of private property is premised on the production of private property.” “The depth, breadth and manner of exchange are all driven by the development and structure of production ”(“ Selected Works of Marx and Engels, ”Vol. 2, pp. 101-102) That is to say, the nature, form and development of the circulation of commodities are determined by the production of commodities, what are the nature and forms of commodity production, What kind and form of circulation of commodities would be served accordingly. This is the objective requirement that the relations of production must be adapted to the economic laws of the level of development of the productive forces in the field of commodity circulation.