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对两个小麦品种的正反交杂种、Ｆ１、Ｆ２及其回交群体的未成熟胚进行离体培养，估算了５个离体性状的基因作用值。加性基因对离体性状的贡献不如显性基因效应大．上位性基因效应比加性和显性基因效应更重要．在二基因上位性效应的三种类型中，所有离体性状的显性×显性效应都较高。由正反交之间无显著差异可知，在所研究离体性状的遗传上，母体效应都很小。从对世代平均值分析看出，上位性在大多数性状的遗传上起着主要作用。将加性和显性遗传方差的负值看作零，所研究离体性状的广义遗传力估计值都相当高．有时候，由于显性遗传变异值为负值，致使广义遗传力和狭义遗传力估计值几乎相等。从基因效应结果看，显性和上位性对茎叶形成率很重要。根据个体表现对分离出的基因型进行选择将是有效的。
The reciprocal cross between two wheat cultivars, F1 and F2, and their backcrossed populations were used for in vitro culture. The gene action values of five in vitro traits were estimated. The contribution of additive gene to isolated trait is not as large as that of dominant gene. Epistasis effects are more important than additive and dominant gene effects. Among the three genotypes of the two genes, the dominant × dominant effects of all extrinsic traits were high. There was no significant difference between the reciprocal reciprocal crosses, which showed that the maternal effects were very small in the inherited genetic traits. From the analysis of average generations, epistasis plays a major role in the genetic inheritance of most traits. Negative values of the additive and dominant genetic variances are treated as zero, and the estimates of the generalized heritability of the exogenous traits studied are quite high. Sometimes, because of the negative value of the dominant genetic variability, the estimates of generalized heritability and narrow heritability are almost equal. From the gene effect results, dominance and epistasis on the rate of stem and leaf formation is very important. It is effective to select the isolated genotypes based on individual performance.