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“单项填空”题是各类英语考试中的基本题型之一,其考查内容涉及到词法、句法、惯用法和交际用语等,覆盖面极广。要想做好这类题目,考生应具备扎实的基础知识,同时,在解题过程中也应注意以下几个方面的问题:
一、防止“母语”的干扰
The price of meat here is ____ than before.
A. expensive B. more expensive C. high D. higher
在汉语中,我们可以说物品价格“昂贵”或“便宜”,但在英语中,只能说物品价格的“高或低(high or low)”,不能说价格的“便宜或昂贵(cheap or expensive)”。因此,答案应为D。
二、防止“定势思维”的干扰
Mary couldn’t help ____ anything for her mother because she was busy writing a novel.
A. doing B. to do C. did D. to be doing
有些同学可能会受can’t help doing sth.(禁不住做某事)的影响而误选A项。其实,该句不是说玛丽“禁不住为母亲做事”,而是说玛丽因为忙于写小说而“不能帮助母亲做事”。这种语义应该用can’t help to do sth.来表示,所以答案应为B。又如:
The day we look forward to ____ very soon.
A. coming B. came C. is coming D. have come
有些同学可能会受look forward to doing sth.的影响而误选A项,他们可能会认为短语look forward to中的to是介词,其后应跟名词、代词或动名词。其实,句中的we look forward to是个定语从句,修饰主语The day,句子缺少谓语动词。那么,从时态和主语的数上来判断,空白处只能填is coming,故答案为C。
三、防止“冗余信息”的干扰
We should do more such exercises in the future, ____ I think, those we did yesterday.
A. like B. with C. about D. as
撇开题干中“in the future, I think”这些冗余信息,我们可以看出,句中的such后面应有as,故答案应为D。又如:
He as well as I ____ English now.
A. like B. likes C. liking D. is liking
as well as I不影响句子主语的人称和数。将其剔除后我们可知,句子的主语是He。与He相匹配的谓语动词应该是likes,故答案为B。
四、注意题干中标点符号的使用
____, we had to go to bed early last night.
A. We were very tired B. So we were very tired
C. Being very tired D. Being very tiring
空白处后面有逗号,逗号后面又没有连词。分析题意后我们可知,空白处应为表示原因的分词短语或从句,即Being very tired或As we were very tired。根据所给选项,答案只能选C。又如:
He has many books, some of ____ are interesting.
A. them B. which C. those D. that
观察题干,中间有一逗号,some前面又是一个名词,据此我们可以判断出逗号后面应为一个非限制性定语从句。四个选项中能引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词只有which,故答案为B。
五、注意利用“一致关系”
这里所说的“一致关系”,是指主语和谓语之间的一致、主句和从句中谓语动词时态的一致、逻辑上的一致以及相关句子结构的一致。例如:
He went there ____ some books and call on an old friend of his.
A. bought B. buying C. buy D. to buy
题中and的后面是原形动词call,说明它是省略了“to”的动词不定式,在句中作目的状语,and应连接两个形式上对等的动词,空白处应填动词不定式to buy,故答案为D。
六、注意“空格后面的信息”
在选择题的题干中,空格后面的一些信息往往对答案的选择起决定性作用。因此,我们应该注意这些信息。例如:
——Which of the two books will you buy?
——I will buy ____, for I’ve got some such books.
A. both B. either C. no one D. neither
空格后面的信息是“因为我已经有一些这样的书”。这种理由就注定句中的“我”已不需要再买两本书中的任何一本。四个选项中,只有neither表示“两者都不”之意。故正确答案为D。
七、注意分析句子结构
Is this the watch you wish to ____?
A. have it repaired B. repair it C. have repaired D. have repaired it
将上面这个疑问句变为陈述句后,就成为:This is the watch you wish to have repaired.其中you wish to have repaired是个定语从句,watch后面的关系代词因作have的宾语而被省略掉。故答案为C。又如:
Was it in the room ____ Lu Xun was born?
A. that B. who C. which D. where
将上面这个疑问句变为陈述句后,就成为:It was in the room ____ Lu Xun was born. 显然这是个强调句,因为去掉It was…that后,句子结构仍然完整无缺,空白处应填that,故答案为A。
一、防止“母语”的干扰
The price of meat here is ____ than before.
A. expensive B. more expensive C. high D. higher
在汉语中,我们可以说物品价格“昂贵”或“便宜”,但在英语中,只能说物品价格的“高或低(high or low)”,不能说价格的“便宜或昂贵(cheap or expensive)”。因此,答案应为D。
二、防止“定势思维”的干扰
Mary couldn’t help ____ anything for her mother because she was busy writing a novel.
A. doing B. to do C. did D. to be doing
有些同学可能会受can’t help doing sth.(禁不住做某事)的影响而误选A项。其实,该句不是说玛丽“禁不住为母亲做事”,而是说玛丽因为忙于写小说而“不能帮助母亲做事”。这种语义应该用can’t help to do sth.来表示,所以答案应为B。又如:
The day we look forward to ____ very soon.
A. coming B. came C. is coming D. have come
有些同学可能会受look forward to doing sth.的影响而误选A项,他们可能会认为短语look forward to中的to是介词,其后应跟名词、代词或动名词。其实,句中的we look forward to是个定语从句,修饰主语The day,句子缺少谓语动词。那么,从时态和主语的数上来判断,空白处只能填is coming,故答案为C。
三、防止“冗余信息”的干扰
We should do more such exercises in the future, ____ I think, those we did yesterday.
A. like B. with C. about D. as
撇开题干中“in the future, I think”这些冗余信息,我们可以看出,句中的such后面应有as,故答案应为D。又如:
He as well as I ____ English now.
A. like B. likes C. liking D. is liking
as well as I不影响句子主语的人称和数。将其剔除后我们可知,句子的主语是He。与He相匹配的谓语动词应该是likes,故答案为B。
四、注意题干中标点符号的使用
____, we had to go to bed early last night.
A. We were very tired B. So we were very tired
C. Being very tired D. Being very tiring
空白处后面有逗号,逗号后面又没有连词。分析题意后我们可知,空白处应为表示原因的分词短语或从句,即Being very tired或As we were very tired。根据所给选项,答案只能选C。又如:
He has many books, some of ____ are interesting.
A. them B. which C. those D. that
观察题干,中间有一逗号,some前面又是一个名词,据此我们可以判断出逗号后面应为一个非限制性定语从句。四个选项中能引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词只有which,故答案为B。
五、注意利用“一致关系”
这里所说的“一致关系”,是指主语和谓语之间的一致、主句和从句中谓语动词时态的一致、逻辑上的一致以及相关句子结构的一致。例如:
He went there ____ some books and call on an old friend of his.
A. bought B. buying C. buy D. to buy
题中and的后面是原形动词call,说明它是省略了“to”的动词不定式,在句中作目的状语,and应连接两个形式上对等的动词,空白处应填动词不定式to buy,故答案为D。
六、注意“空格后面的信息”
在选择题的题干中,空格后面的一些信息往往对答案的选择起决定性作用。因此,我们应该注意这些信息。例如:
——Which of the two books will you buy?
——I will buy ____, for I’ve got some such books.
A. both B. either C. no one D. neither
空格后面的信息是“因为我已经有一些这样的书”。这种理由就注定句中的“我”已不需要再买两本书中的任何一本。四个选项中,只有neither表示“两者都不”之意。故正确答案为D。
七、注意分析句子结构
Is this the watch you wish to ____?
A. have it repaired B. repair it C. have repaired D. have repaired it
将上面这个疑问句变为陈述句后,就成为:This is the watch you wish to have repaired.其中you wish to have repaired是个定语从句,watch后面的关系代词因作have的宾语而被省略掉。故答案为C。又如:
Was it in the room ____ Lu Xun was born?
A. that B. who C. which D. where
将上面这个疑问句变为陈述句后,就成为:It was in the room ____ Lu Xun was born. 显然这是个强调句,因为去掉It was…that后,句子结构仍然完整无缺,空白处应填that,故答案为A。