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两大法系刑事鉴定制度对比一个国家的鉴定体制往往是与一个国家的司法体制紧密相关的。在大陆法系国家,如法国、意大利等,实行的是职权主义诉讼制度。相应的刑事鉴定制度是中立鉴定制度或称为法官委托制度,即在法庭调查过程中,只有法官有权决定是否进行鉴定以及决定鉴定人的事项、选骋鉴定人的数量,并对鉴定人的鉴定活动实施监督和行为管理,法官有权决定鉴定结论取舍。法国和意大利都建立了鉴定人名册制度,由专门机构通过特定的考评,将全国具有司法鉴定资格的专家根据行业登记造册,并注明各自的教育程度、学术成就、专业经历等内容,供法官根据案件的需要从名册中选任。
Comparison of criminal identification system between the two legal systems A national identification system is often closely related to a country’s judicial system. In civil law countries, such as France, Italy and so on, the implementation of the power of lawsuit system. The corresponding criminal appraisal system is a neutral appraisal system or a system of commissioned by judges. In the process of court investigation, only the judge has the right to decide whether to appraise or not, the number of appraisers, the number of appraisers, and the appraisal activities of appraisers Oversight and conduct management, judges have the right to decide on the choice of conclusions. France and Italy have set up a system of appraisers’ rosters. Specialized agencies, through specific appraisals, register nationally qualified forensic experts on the basis of industries and indicate their respective levels of education, academic achievement and professional experience for judges According to the needs of the case from the roster.