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杂种优势是杂交后代在生长或生殖性状上表现出优于亲本的现象。虽然杂种优势在农业生产上已广为应用,但其分子机理仍不清楚。最近,中国科学家通过分析17个代表性杂交稻(Oryza sativa)品种,共10 074个F2个体的全基因组序列和表型,对水稻产量杂种优势相关位点进行了系统定位和解析。此外,中国另一个科研小组通过整合杂交稻亲本和杂交种的表型组、转录组及基因组等多层次数据,深入研究了超级杂交稻两优培九产量的杂种优势基础。这些研究不仅为杂种优势理论的建立提供了新数据,也为水稻育种实践提供了有益的指导。
Heterosis is the progeny of hybrids that show superiority to their parents in growth or reproductive traits. Although heterosis has been widely used in agricultural production, its molecular mechanism remains unclear. Recently, Chinese scientists systematically mapped and analyzed the relative positions of heterosis in rice yield by analyzing the genome-wide sequences and phenotypes of 10 074 F2 individuals from 17 representative hybrid rice (Oryza sativa) varieties. In addition, another research group in China studied in depth the heterosis basis of the super hybrid rice, Liangyou Peijiu, by combining the multi-level data of the phenotypic group, transcriptome and genome of hybrid parents and hybrids. These studies not only provide new data for the establishment of heterosis theory, but also provide useful guidance for rice breeding practice.