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目的了解大连市中小学生健康素养现状,探讨健康素养内部路径转化关系,为更好地开展中小学生健康促进工作提供参考。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法,对大连市1 514名中小学生进行问卷调查,并采用AMOS 21.0构建健康素养内部通径模型。结果中小学生具备健康素养的比例为36.7%。其中,52.4%的学生具备健康知识和理念素养,45.4%具备健康技能素养,具备健康生活方式与行为素养的比例为28.5%。不同学段学生总体及3个方面健康素养具备率差异均有统计学意义(χ~2值分别为46.481,63.991,27.821,6.411,P值均<0.01)。健康素养内部转化模型表明,健康知识对于健康生活方式与行为具有直接和间接作用(路径系数分别为0.234,0.083)。结论健康素养内部存在着健康知识、健康技能、健康理念、健康生活方式与行为的转化。
Objective To understand the status quo of health literacy in primary and secondary school students in Dalian and to explore the transformation of the internal path of health literacy so as to provide a reference for better carrying out the health promotion work among primary and secondary school students. Methods A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to survey 1,141 primary and secondary school students in Dalian and to construct an internal path model of health literacy using AMOS 21.0. Results The proportion of primary and secondary school students with health literacy was 36.7%. Among them, 52.4% of students have health knowledge and ideological literacy, 45.4% have health literacy, and 28.5% have healthy lifestyle and behavioral literacy. There were statistically significant differences in the overall and three aspects of the health literacy among different sections (χ ~ 2 values were 46.481,63.991,27.821,6.411 respectively, P <0.01). The model of internal transformation of health literacy shows that health knowledge has a direct and indirect effect on healthy lifestyles and behaviors (path coefficients of 0.234 and 0.083, respectively). Conclusion Health literacy exists within the transformation of health knowledge, health skills, health concepts, healthy lifestyle and behavior.